Comprehensive performance of a ball-milled La0.5Pr0.5Fe11.4Si1.6B0.2Hy/Al magnetocaloric composite

Due to the hydrogen embrittlement effect, La(Fe,Si)₁₃-based hydrides can only exist in powder form, which limits their practical application. In this work, ductile and thermally conductive Al metal was homogeneously mixed with La_0.5Pr_0.5Fe_11.4Si_1.6B_0.2 using the ball milling method. Then hydrogenation and compactness shaping of the magnetocaloric composites were performed in one step via a sintering process under high hydrogen pressure. As the Al content reached 9 wt.%, the La_0.5Pr_0.5Fe_11.4Si_1.6B_0.2H_y/Al composite showed the mechanical behavior of a ductile material with a yield strength of ~44 MPa and an ultimate strength of 269 MPa accompanied by a pronounced improvement in thermal conductivity. Due to the ease of formation of Fe-Al-Si phases and the several micron and submicron sizes of the composite particles caused by ball milling process, the magnetic entropy change of the composites was substantially reduced to ~1.2 J/kg· K-1.5 J/kg· K at 0 T-1.5 T.     

Thermomagnetic properties of very heavy fermions suitable for adiabatic demagnetisation refrigeration at low temperature

ABSTRACT

With the aim to improve the performance of classical paramagnetic salts for adiabatic refrigeration processes at the sub-Kelvin range, relevant thermodynamic parameters of some new Yb-based intermetallic compounds are analysed and compared. Two main applications are considered: (i) those requiring temperature fixed-points to be reached applying magnetic fields of moderate intensity for satellite applications, and (ii) those which can be used for controlled thermal drifts in laboratory applications. Different thermomagnetic trajectories of the entropy are identified depending on respective specific heat behaviours and the constraints imposed by the Nernst postulate at the sub-Kelvin range. Some simple relationships are proposed to compare the diverse magnetocaloric characteristics of different systems. This procedure allows to include the classical Cerium-Magnesium-Nitride (CMN) salt in that comparison.     

Inhibition of cold-welding and adhesive wear occurring on surface of the 6061 aluminum alloy by graphene oxide/polyethylene glycol composite water-based lubricant

In this paper, graphene oxide/polyethylene glycol (GO/PEG) composite water-based lubricant was prepared by an ultrasonic dispersion method, and characterized and analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The suspension performance of GO/PEG composite water-based lubricant in water was verified by static sedimentation and centrifugation, and then, the prepared GO/PEG composite water-based lubricant was added into 304 stainless steel and 6061 aluminum alloy, and the coefficient of friction (COF) curve, average COF value, average wear rate, corresponding photomicrographs of balls and disks after wear, and energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS) elemental analysis were used to illustrate the lubrication effect and lubrication mechanism. The results show that the GO/PEG composite water-based lubricant possesses excellent suspension ability in water, and the average COF value and wear rate of GO/PEG composite water-based lubricant are reduced by 78.8% and 88.8%, respectively, compared with water lubrication. The excellent lubrication effect of GO/PEG composite water-based lubricant can effectively reduce the cold-welding and adhesive wear phenomenon, mainly because GO/PEG composite water-based lubricant first fills the uneven surface of friction mating to form a high-quality lubricating film and then because of the special space structure of GO and the low shear between GO layers and the synergistic lubrication effect of GO/PEG.     

用固体润滑剂改善汽车刮水胶条使用性能的研究

作者将含有MoS_2和石墨的不同配方的固体润滑涂料刷涂在几种国产汽车刮水胶条上,并分别于干摩擦和水润滑的两种刮刷状态下,就固体润滑剂改善刮水胶条的擦拭性能进行了试验研究,指出这是使刮水胶条降低擦拭阻力、提高刮刷效果的可行途径,同时强调配制涂料时应当选用颗粒细小而均匀的固体润滑剂粉末。     

一种氯苯基硅油的合成及其摩擦磨损性能研究

合成了一种甲基封端、侧基含五氯苯基取代基团的有机聚硅氧烷(CPSO),考察了CPSO的粘温性能、倾点、饱和蒸气压及热稳定性能.采用OptimolSRV型微动摩擦磨损试验机评价了CPSO及空间用润滑油全氟聚醚(PFPE)和磷嗪(X-1P)在常温常压下用于GCr15/CuSn合金摩擦副润滑剂的摩擦磨损性能;采用CZM型真空摩擦试验机评价了3种润滑油在真空条件下用于GCr15/CuSn合金和GCr15/9Cr18摩擦副润滑剂的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明:在真空和常温常压条件下,CPSO的减摩和抗磨损性能均优于PFPE及X-1P;与此同时,CPSO具有极低的饱和蒸气压、很低的热挥发损失以及较好的热稳定性和低温流动性.故其在空间飞行器械运动部件润滑领域具有广泛的应用前景.     

碳化钨－镍－钴－钼－氧化铅系高温自润滑金属陶瓷材料的综合性能研究

为了扩大ＷＣ－Ｎｉ－Ｍｏ－ＰｂＯ四组元复合材料在工程实际中的应用范围，利用中频感应热压法制备了Ｗｃ－Ｎｉ－Ｃｏ－Ｍｏ－ＰｂＯ系高温自润滑金属陶瓷材料，并对其物理机械性能和摩擦学性能进行了试验研究，结果表明，含镍和钴这两组元之重量比为２的Ｗｃ－Ｎｉ－Ｃｏ－Ｍｏ＿ＰｂＯ材料的综合性能最好，即使在６００℃的高温下也具有较高的机械强度和相当好的摩擦学性能，且其在高速、重载下的摩擦磨损性能也比较好，Ｘ射线衍射分析发现，这种材料在６００℃时的摩擦表面形成了均匀分布的ＰｂＷＯ４膜，这是其在高温下具有良好自润滑性的根本原因，在烧结温度下，ＷＣ可溶解于钴相形成面心立方结构的Ｃｏ３Ｗ３Ｃ、Ｃｏ２Ｗ４Ｃ和Ｃｏ３Ｗ６Ｃ化合物，这能增强材料中金属相与陶瓷相的结合力。在自然降温冷却过程中，从钴相中析出Ｃｏ３Ｗ和元素碳，后者可与钼形成ＭｏＣ，进而形成Ｗｃ－ＭｏＣ固溶体，这既能细化ＷＣ晶粒，又能强化晶界，而且钴与镍形成的连续固溶体可以使金属相得以强化。这些都是提高材料的高温机械性能和摩擦学性能的直接原因。     

4106航空润滑油拖动特性研究

采用高速球-盘式拖动力试验装置测定了4106航空润滑油在不同载荷、滚动速度、入口油温及滑滚比下的拖动系数,分析了润滑油的拖动特性,建立了拖动系数的简单计算公式.结果表明:4106航空润滑油的拖动系数随着载荷变化出现转折;在高速和高压条件下,4106航空润滑油呈现非牛顿特性;当入口油温较低时润滑油的热效应较显著;随着载荷增大,入口油温和滚动速度对拖动系数的影响减小;理论计算结果同实测值吻合良好.     

含膦酸酯官能团离子液体对钢/铝摩擦副的润滑作用研究

合成了3种新型1-(O,O-二乙基膦酰丙基)-3-烷基咪唑六氟磷酸盐离子液体,采用SRV型摩擦磨损试验机评价了所制备的离子液体作为润滑剂对钢／铝摩擦副摩擦学性能的影响,并探讨了其润滑机理．结果表明,所合成的离子液体作为润滑剂对钢／铝摩擦副具有优良的润滑作用,摩擦系数低,抗磨性能优良．表面分析结果表明含膦酸酯官能团的离子液体在摩擦副接触表面形成化学吸附边界润滑膜,从而有效地起到抗磨和提高承载能力的作用．     

二硫化钼改性热塑性聚酰亚胺复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

采用热压成型工艺制备MoS2 填充热塑性聚酰亚胺复合材料,测定了其弯曲强度和压缩强度,采用MPX-2000型摩擦磨损试验机评价MoS2 填充热塑性聚酰亚胺复合材料在干摩擦和水润滑2种工况下的摩擦磨损性能,利用扫描电子显微镜观察和分析材料磨损表面形貌和元素分布.结果表明:与聚酰亚胺树脂相比,加入MoS2后复合材料的弯曲强度和压缩强度有所降低,随着MoS2含量增加,材料的弯曲强度和压缩强度趋于稳定;在干摩擦条件下,MoS2逐步在磨损表面富集,相应的摩擦系数有所降低;MoS2含量为10%时磨损表面仅出现局部熔融,磨损率最低,当MoS2含量为20%时磨损表面出现深度熔融,磨损率较大;在水润滑条件下,MoS2仍起到良好的润滑作用,摩损率较干摩擦条件下降低1个数量级,表现出疲劳磨损特征.     

氮低温制冷循环系统在大科学装置中的应用与发展

大科学装置中低温设备的氮低温冷量需要日益快速增长,为减少能耗和保障装置的长期稳定运行,基于大科学装置氮低温系统运行需求,介绍了氮低温制冷循环系统在国内外大科学装置中的应用情况,总结了目前大科学装置中应用氮低温制冷循环系统的研究现状,并探讨以氮制冷机为核心的氮低温制冷循环系统在未来大科学装置中发展方向。